It is estimated that diarrhoeal illness are responsible for about one in five of all child deaths worldwide. There is currently no precise or consistent estimate of the global burden of diarrhoeal illnesses caused by microbes including some classified as neglected tropical diseases, with risks varying between developed and developing countries. This meta-analysis used a rigorous approach in assessing and extrapolating data from 86 studies published mainly in the English language from six world regions to provide region specific prevalence of major pathogens associated with diarrhoeal diseases in different age groups worldwide. The DerSimonian-Laird random-effect methods were used for testing the heterogeneity of studies, on the basis of the Cochran’s Q-test, and was significant if p <0.05. Estimates for enteric pathogens showed regional and age-group differences with prevalence significantly higher in all developing regions when compared with developed (OECD) countries. Overall an organism was isolated in an average of 53% (95% CI= 48%-57%) of symptomatic cases, and the odds of isolating a pathogen was about five times more (OR=4.74%: 95% CI= 3.93-5.72) in cases than in asymptomatic controls. The isolation rate of enteric organisms was significantly higher in developing countries when compared with developed countries. The highest isolation rate was (62.4%) found in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and (61.0%) in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Bacterial pathogens were the most common isolated in all regions ranging from an average of 17.7% to 43.6% in all developing regions as opposed to the OECD countries, which had more viruses (20.3%; 95% CI, 15.9-25.6). Rotavirus was the most common pathogen isolated in children (23.80%; 95%CI=16.19%-33.55%); other E. coli sp., (6.57%; 95%CI= 1.09%-31.02%) and Campylobacter (16.61%; 10.10%-26.10%) in adults, compared with Shigella (6.16; 95%CI=3.20%-11.55%) and Salmonella (2.66%; 95%CI=1.50%-4.67%) in mixed age-groups.
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